Search results for "Doubled haploid"

Anther culture for haploid and doubled haploid production From the issue entitled "Special Issue: In Vitro Ploidy Manipulation in the Genomics Era"

2011

First stages of microsporere programming to embryogenesis through anther culture in Prunus armeniaca L.

2011

6 páginas, 3 figuras, 2 tablas -- PAGS nros. 152-157

Using Anther Culture Method for Flax Breeding Intensification

2015

Flax breeding is a long and complicated process based on hybridization and following selection of the best plants. Because of possible occasional cross-pollination the development of genetically stable homozygous lines could last more than 15 years. For more rapid creating of initial material for flax breeding anther culture methods for producing doubled haploid (DH) lines could be used successfully. The goal of this study was to develop the best anther culture protocol for producing DH lines from hybrids included in Latvian flax breeding programme and to do preliminary field evaluation of obtained DH lines. F4 hybrids were used in the experiment. Method, most applicable for establishing of…

Development and implementation of high-throughput SNP genotyping in barley

2009

Abstract Background High density genetic maps of plants have, nearly without exception, made use of marker datasets containing missing or questionable genotype calls derived from a variety of genic and non-genic or anonymous markers, and been presented as a single linear order of genetic loci for each linkage group. The consequences of missing or erroneous data include falsely separated markers, expansion of cM distances and incorrect marker order. These imperfections are amplified in consensus maps and problematic when fine resolution is critical including comparative genome analyses and map-based cloning. Here we provide a new paradigm, a high-density consensus genetic map of barley based…

FIRST STAGES OF MICROSPORE REPROGRAMMING TO EMBRYOGENESIS THROUGH ISOLATED MICROSPORE CULTURE IN LOQUAT

2011

The current experiments were undertaken to develop a method for regenerating doubled haploid (DH) plants of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.), Rosaceae, subfamily Maloideae through isolated microspore culture of nine loquat cultivars. Protocols were developed for isolation and culture of loquat microspores. Isolated microspores in vitro cultured started dividing and developing multicellular, globular and irregular structures. After 4 weeks of culture, the responding microspores produced yellowish/white callus. The embryogenic response of microspores was highly dependent on the cultivar and on the medium composition.

Doubled haploid production in fruit crops

2006

The interest of fruit breeders in haploids and doubled haploids (DH), lies in the possibility of shortening the time needed to produce homozygous lines compared to conventional breeding. Haplo-diploidization through gametic embryogenesis allows single-step development of complete homozygous lines from heterozygous parents. In a conventional breeding programme, a pure line is developed after several generations of selfing. With fruit crops, characterized by a long reproductive cycle, a high degree of heterozygosity, large size, and, sometimes, self-incompatibility, there is no way to obtain haploidization through conventional methods. This paper reviews the current status of research on doub…

Gametic embryogenesis and haploid technology as valuable support to plant breeding

2011

Plant breeding is focused on continuously increasing crop production to meet the needs of an ever-growing world population, improving food quality to ensure a long and healthy life and address the problems of global warming and environment pollution, together with the challenges of developing novel sources of biofuels. The breeders' search for novel genetic combinations, with which to select plants with improved traits to satisfy both farmers and consumers, is endless. About half of the dramatic increase in crop yield obtained in the second half of the last century has been achieved thanks to the results of genetic improvement, while the residual advance has been due to the enhanced managem…

Production of Haploid and Doubled Haploid Lines in Nut Crops: Persian Walnut, Almond, and Hazelnut

2021

This chapter deals with induction of haploidy via parthenogenesis in Persian walnut and via microspore embryogenesis in almond and hazelnut. Haploid induction through in situ parthenogenesis using pollination with irradiated pollen to stimulate the embryogenic development of the egg cell, followed by in vitro culture of the immature haploid embryos. Microspore embryogenesis allows the induction of immature pollen grains (microspores), to move away from the normal gametophytic developmental route in the direction of the sporophytic one, yielding homozygous organisms (embryos in this case). Unlike other fruit crops (such as Citrus), regeneration of entire plants has not yet been obtained in o…

Ploidy manipulation and citrus breeding, genetics and genomics

2020

Polyploidy appears to have played a limited role in citrus germplasm evolution. However, today, ploidy manipulation is an important component of citrus breeding strategies. For varieties, the main objective is to develop triploid seedless cultivars. For rootstock, the aim is to cumulate interesting traits in tetraploid hybrids and to improve adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. This chapter starts with a review of the recent knowledge acquired on the natural mechanisms of citrus polyploidization and tetraploid meiosis. Chromosome doubling of nucellar cells is frequent in apomictic citrus and results in tetraploid seedling production. Unreduced gametes are also frequently produced, mai…

Doubled haploid production in onion (Allium cepa L.): from gynogenesis to chromosome doubling

2020

Bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) is an allogamous diploid (2n = 16) important for its culinary uses, nutritional value, and medicinal benefits. Despite its economic importance, onion yields and bulb quality are declining, emphasizing the need for new and improved strategies for maintaining and enhancing overall crop quality. Development of inbred lines in onion through traditional breeding is often difficult due to its biennial life cycle, inbreeding depression, and comparatively high heterozygosities. Moreover, genetic research in onion has been hampered by large nuclear genome size. In this regard, gynogenic doubled haploids promise several advantages over inbred lines in support of onion bree…